Usually, allowing direct root logins from the network is a bad idea. It is better to use forced commands to automate tasks requiring privileges (described in Forced Commands (with Public Keys) below), and make people use su or sudo to elevate privileges otherwise.

In addition to AllowUsers and DenyUsers, you can easily disable root logins with passwords (see Configuring Root Logins ). Define the following in your sshd2_config file:

PermitRootLogin     nopwd

This way, jobs automated with forced commands will work.

If you are sure you or your users do not need to create tunnels (possibly going around firewall restrictions or such), you can disable tunneling (port forwarding) altogether by adding the following to your sshd2_config file:

AllowTcpForwarding       no

If you need more fine-grained control, consider using AllowTcpForwardingForUsers (and related keywords DenyTcpForwardingForUsers, AllowTcpForwardingForGroups and DenyTcpForwardingForGroups). With ForwardACL you can even allow and deny tunnels based on originator and destination (based on the IP address and port). See Restrictions to Tunneling.

If you only want to enable file transfers or tunneling for users in group users, you can disable terminal access with the configuration variable Terminal.DenyGroups in your sshd2_config file:

Terminal.DenyGroups      users

Other related keywords that can be used are: Terminal.AllowUsers, Terminal.DenyUsers and Terminal.AllowGroups.

It is recommended to deny also agent forwarding if terminal access is denied in sshd2_config:

AllowAgentForwarding     no

Note that the users will be able to use SFTP and other subsystems defined in the Tectia Server for IBM z/OS configuration. Any other "exec" and "shell" requests will be denied for the users. This includes forced commands with public keys described in Forced Commands (with Public Keys) and the legacy style password changing when performed as forced command.

If you have maintenance jobs requiring non-interactive access to your server, use public-key authentication and forced commands. This way, if the private key is compromised, the public key cannot be used to perform anything other than the predetermined command on the server. (This is, of course, also bad, but it would be worse if the malicious attacker would have unrestricted access to the machine.)

Do not use the root account for jobs where it is not absolutely necessary.

You can set up a forced command in the authorization file.

key backup-key.pub
options command="tar zxvf - /usr/local"

This would, on a successful login with backup-key.pub, force a backup job to start.

You can also use the command that was given on the sshg3 command line:

key backup-key.pub
options command="echo $SSHG3_ORIGINAL_COMMAND"

Running sshg3:

% sshg3 localhost kukkuu
Authentication successful.
kukkuu
%

For more information on the public-key options in the authorization file, see Using the Authorization File.

Note that if the user or the user's group has been denied terminal access (with the Terminal.DenyUsers or Terminal.DenyGroups keywords), also forced commands will be denied.

Tectia Server for IBM z/OS can be configured to reject connection attempts from unknown hosts. For example the following allows connections only from the internal network 10.1.0.0/8 IP addresses and from an external host with the IP address 195.20.116.1:

AllowHosts               \i10\.1\..*,\i195\.20\.116\.1

See Restricting User Logins for information on the regular expression syntax and for more configuration examples and options.

On systems with several network interfaces, Tectia Server for IBM z/OS can also be bound to a specific network interface so that the server can be only accessed from the intended network. For example, the following will bind the listener to address 10.1.60.25 using port 2222:

ListenAddress        10.1.60.25
Port                 2222

Tectia Server for IBM z/OS logs are most important for auditing. The logs also provide troubleshooting information, for example, when user authentication fails and a user is unable to log in. Please see Auditing for more information.

Unauthorized use of this system is prohibited.
All actions are logged.